Не ИМХО - вживленный эндоскоп в карпа:
Large food particles and inorganic particles.
Our data indicate that when food particles are too large to be crossflow filtered and are mixed with inorganic particles in the anterior pharynx, individual food particles (e.g. pellets) are retained by palatal protrusions while the inorganic particles (e.g. rocks) are spat anteriorly out of the mouth (Fig. 5). The occurrence of palatal protrusions to selectively retain food particles in carp has been hypothesized previously (Sibbing, 1988; Sibbing et al., 1986). Our endoscopic observations differ from these hypotheses in that palatal protrusions were observed to selectively retain food particles only when the food particles were too large to be separated from the inorganic particles by crossflow filtration.
Horseradish peroxidase studies of the vagal gustatory system in goldfish and some carp species have demonstrated a sensorimotor mapping of the palatal organ in the vagal lobe of the medulla (Finger, 1988, 1997). Sensory neurons are connected via interneurons to underlying motor neurons that innervate the stimulated region of the palatal organ.
Consequently, when a palatal protrusion contacts a palatable particle, an oropharyngeal reflex could cause the protrusion to continue to pin the particle against the gill arches, whereas contact with an inorganic particle could result in release of the particle so that it could be spat anteriorly (Finger, 1997).
Peristaltic waves of muscular contraction in the palatal organ have been proposed to propel food to the chewing cavity (Sibbing, 1988; Sibbing et al., 1986). In the regions of the anterior pharynx that were observed through the endoscope (Fig. 1), waves of muscular contraction were not observed. In the endoscopic videotapes, pellets were seen to be transported via water flow in the anterior pharynx. The manipulation of pellets that was recorded in the anterior pharynx after the rocks had been spat anteriorly out of the mouth may have served two functions: (1) to confirm that palatable particles had been sorted from inorganic particles and (2) to hold pellets while other pellets were being processed by the pharyngeal jaws in the posterior pharynx.