Common carp - Cyprinus carpio
(Linnaeus, 1758) [Cyprinidae]
FAO official common names: Fr - Carpe commune; Es - Carpa
Taxonomic and biological features:
Common carp belongs to the class of bony fishes (Osteichthyes) the order of Cypriniformes and to the family of Cyprinidae. In everyday life commercial, artisanal and sport fishers use the short scientific name of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Scientists identified four forms (Pintér, 1989, CEP, 2011) as follow:
- Cyprinus carpio carpio – European Transcaucasian common carp (from Danube River basin in the natural waters up to the Ural Mountain range)
- Cyprinus carpio aralensis – Aral common carp (Central Asia)
- Cyprinus carpio haematopterus – Amur common carp (Amur River basin to South Chine)
- Cyprinus carpio viridiviolaceus – North Vietnamese common carp
Regarding the shape of body there are two basic forms of common carp; Cyprinus carpio morpha hungaricus and Cyprinus carpio morpha acuminatus. The first has an elongated torpedo-like body while the second one is a shorter stocky one with a high shoulder (Pintér, 1989). Common carp is one of the most variable fresh water fish species regarding the shape of body. The body of native forms and improved stains may vary from elongated to deep oval. There are four basic types of scaliness such as scaly carp, mirror carp, linear carp (also called frame carp) and leather carp. The transitional forms are the strongly- or slightly-scaled irregular mirror or scattered carp (Pintér, 1989, Bakos and Gorda, 2001). Body shapes of the different forms and strains are described by the profile, head and width indexes. The profile index is the proportion of the length and height of body, the head index is the proportion of body length and the length of head, while the width index is the proportion of the height and width of body. Colour varies from gray through silver to bronze with yellowish or reddish colour of the belly. Common carp has one long dorsal fin which consists of 2–3 hard and 17–22 soft rays. The first largest hard ray is sharp and backward serrated. Additional morphological characteristic is that there are 2–3 and 5–6 anal spines and rays and 36–37 vertebrae (Froese and Pauly 2011). Mouth is large which opens accordion-like. There are pairs of barbels of common carp. One pair is on the upper lips and the other pair is at the corner of the mouth. There are 5–5 molar-like pharyngeal teeth serving for grinding the consumed food and feeds. Occur in temperature range of 3–35 oC (Froese and Pauly 2011). The optimum water temperature to grow and propagate is between 20 – 25 oC. In nature common carp leaves in the middle and lower sections of rivers and the areas where the water is shallow, only a few meter deep and the bottom is muddy. Common carp was introduced practically into all countries where there was chance to produce them successfully. Since in many of the natural waters where it was introduced common carp is considered as an invasive species which should be reduced even eliminated. Still common carp is one of the most widely cultured freshwater fish species in the world (Welcomme, 1988, Hasan at al., 2007, FIGIS 2011).
HSM-Венгерской зеркало , AC-дикий амурский карп , ROP-Ропша карпа и ТАТ-Tata карп
А вот по разновидностям венгров http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y2406e/y2406e03.htm#bm3.2 |
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